The Hidden Gem - Zinc
Zinc is an essential trace element for humans, crucial for many body functions. It is involved in over 300 enzymes that help with metabolism, as well as more than 3,000 transcription factors that regulate fats, proteins, and DNA.
Zinc supports reproductive health, immune function, and wound healing by aiding in DNA and RNA processes. It also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, helping to prevent UV damage and reduce cancer risk.
An average adult has about 1.4–2.3 grams of zinc, with the highest amounts found in the prostate, seminal fluid, uveal tissue, and skin. Half of the body's zinc is in the bones, and about 6% is in the skin. Since zinc cannot be stored in the body, a regular supply is necessary for growth and tissue repair.
In psoriasis, zinc deficiency has been linked to impaired immune responses and increased oxidative stress. Supplementing with zinc may have therapeutic potential in psoriasis, particularly in modulating the gut microbiome.
How Zinc Modulate the Immune System and Microbiome?
Zinc plays a crucial role in modulating the gut microbiome and helps restore a balanced gut microbiome by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and decreasing the abundance of opportunistic pathogens.
Zinc has anti-inflammatory properties, which may help reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-17A, IL-23) and alleviate skin inflammation associated with psoriasis.
Zinc may enhance the production of antimicrobial peptides, such as cathelicidins, which can help combat opportunistic pathogens and maintain a healthy gut microbiome of pro-inflammatory pathways.
Zinc is important for keeping the gut lining strong, which stops bacteria and toxins from leaking to the bloodstream and helps reduce inflammation throughout the body.
What Did The Research Say?
In a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial, sixty patients with localized psoriasis were randomized to receive topical zinc pyrithione versus placebo for 3 months. The Psoriasis Area Severity Index was significantly lowered in zinc pyrithione group than the plaecbo group. The authors concluded that topical zinc pyrithione can be used to treat localized psoriasis.
A meta-analysis study was conducted to evaluate the serum copper and zinc levels between patients with psoriasis and the healthy subjects. The analysis included 2648 subjects in both groups.
In patients with psoriasis, the serum zinc level was significantly lowered than the control group. However, compared with the control group, the serum copper level was significantly higher in the psoriasis group. The study concluded that decreased zinc levels and increased copper levels were observed in patients with psoriasis. Appropriate treatment to normalize the serum copper and zinc levels may improve the outcome of psoriasis patients.
Another double blind crossover trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of zinc sulfate for patients with psoriatic arthritis. Twenty-four patients were randomized to receive oral zinc sulfate versus placebo three times a day for 6 months.
There was a significant decrease in the number of swollen and tender joints in zinc sulfate group than in the placebo group. The study concluded that zinc sulfate may be an effective and well-tolerated therapy in psoriatic arthritis.
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References
Clemmensen OJ, Siggaard-Andersen J, Worm AM, Stahl D, Frost F, Bloch I. Psoriatic arthritis treated with oral zinc sulphate. Br J Dermatol. 1980 Oct;103(4):411-5.
Chasapis CT, Ntoupa PA, Spiliopoulou CA, Stefanidou ME. Recent aspects of the effects of zinc on human health. Arch Toxicol. 2020 May;94(5):1443-1460.
Davis EW II, Wong CP, Arnold HK, Kasschau K, Gaulke CA, Sharpton TJ, et al. (2022) Age and micronutrient effects on the microbiome in a mouse model of zinc depletion and supplementation. PLoS ONE 17(12): e0275352.
Lei L, Su J, Chen J, Chen W, Chen X, Peng C. Abnormal Serum Copper and Zinc Levels in Patients with Psoriasis: A Meta-Analysis. Indian J Dermatol. 2019 May-Jun;64(3):224-230.
Leibovici V, Statter M, Weinrauch L, Tzfoni E, Matzner Y. Effect of zinc therapy on neutrophil chemotaxis in psoriasis. Isr J Med Sci. 1990 Jun;26(6):306-9.
Prasad AS. Zinc: role in immunity, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009 Nov;12(6):646-52.
Prasad AS, Beck FW, Snell DC, Kucuk O. Zinc in cancer prevention. Nutr Cancer. 2009;61(6):879-87.
Prasad AS. Zinc: an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent: role of zinc in degenerative disorders of aging. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2014 Oct;28(4):364-71.
Sadeghian G, Ziaei H, Nilforoushzadeh MA. Treatment of localized psoriasis with a topical formulation of zinc pyrithione. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. 2011;20(4):187-90.
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