Autism - What every parent needs to know about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Part I
Autism - What you need to know
What every parent needs to know about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Part I
ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impaired communications and altered social skills.
The onset of this disease occurs early in childhood usually before the age of three. The cause of ASD is not well understood. It is a complex neurodevelopmental condition and is believed to arise from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Research showed that there was a potential link between ASD and carnitine. ASD children had lower serum concentrations of L-carnitine, abnormal fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine
Acetyl-L-Carnitine is a form of L-carnitine, a form of amino acids that naturally occurs in the body. It plays an important role in energy production. It turns fat into energy and increases activity of nerve cells in the brain. Acetyl-L-Carnitine is easily absorbed from the gut and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier.
Fueling the Mind: Similar to its role in muscles, L-carnitine transports fatty acids into the mitochondria of brain cells, the energy powerhouses. The energy production ensures a steady supply of fuel for optimal brain function.
Supporting Neurotransmitters: L-carnitine plays a role in the production of acetylcholine, a crucial neurotransmitter for memory, learning, and cognitive function. L-carnitine increases the production and activity of nerve growth factor as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF is a protein that stimulates the growth and development of new nerve cells. This is crucial for learning, memory and overall brain health.
Antioxidant and Protective: L-carnitine's antioxidant properties may help protect brain cells from oxidative damage associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
Fatty acid metabolism: Altered fatty acid metabolism has been observed in some individuals with ASD. L-carnitine may assist in the breakdown and utilization of long-chain fatty acids, potentially alleviating certain symptoms.
Studies showed that ASD children had shown improvement after L-carnitine supplementation. However, L-carnitine supplementation is still controversial for ASD children as there are not enough well-designed studies. Given the lack of viable options for ASD children, the benefits seemed to be outweighed by the risk.
Gut-Brain Axis Connection
Gut bacteria produce hundreds of neurotransmitters to regulate basic physiological and mental processes such as learning, memory and mood. Over 90% of serotonin is produced in the gut. Serotonin can affect your mood, sleep and digestion. It is crucial to eat well for your gut.
Studies showed that ASD children generally lack of bacterial diversity in the gut. This can potentially affect the production of neurotransmitters in the brain. Some researchers argued that ASD children are simply “picky eaters”, which will definitely affect their microbiome.
Due to their sensory sensitivity, ASD children are very particular in their food. Studies showed that texture, appearance, taste, smell and temperature can cause ASD children to turn away from many foods.
It may be prudent to supplement probiotics for ASD children since it is important for the production of neurotransmitters.
If you find this information helpful, please share with your friends especially people you know have these conditions.
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References
Dicks LMT. Gut Bacteria and Neurotransmitters. Microorganisms. 2022;10(9):1838.
Cermak SA, Curtin C, Bandini LG. Food selectivity and sensory sensitivity in children with autism spectrum disorders. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110(2):238-46
Kępka A, Ochocińska A, Chojnowska S, Borzym-Kluczyk M, Skorupa E, Knaś M, Waszkiewicz N. Potential Role of L-Carnitine in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Clin Med. 2021;10(6):1202.
Taniya MA, Chung HJ, Al Mamun A, Alam S, Aziz MA, Emon NU, Islam MM, Hong SS, Podder BR, Ara Mimi A, Aktar Suchi S, Xiao J. Role of Gut Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Therapeutic Regulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:915701.
Zahedi E, Sadr SS, Sanaeierad A, Roghani M. Chronic acetyl-L-carnitine treatment alleviates behavioral deficits and neuroinflammation through enhancing microbiota derived-SCFA in valproate model of autism. Biomed Pharmacother. 2023;163:114848.
Zhang L, Xu Y, Li H, Li B, Duan G, Zhu C. The role of probiotics in children with autism spectrum disorders: A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2022;17(2):e0263109.
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